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First Epistle of Clement
The First Epistle of Clement () is a letter addressed to the Christians in the city of Corinth. The letter dates from the late 1st or early 2nd century, and ranks with Didache as one of the earliest—if not the earliest—of extant Christian documents outside the canonical New Testament. As the name suggests, a Second Epistle of Clement is known; but this is a later work by a different author.
==Authorship and date==
Although traditionally attributed to Clement of Rome, The letter is anonymous; however, the stylistic coherence suggests a single author. Many scholars believe 1 Clement was written around the same time as the Book of Revelation, c. AD9597.〔W.C. van Unnik, "Studies on the so-called First Epistle of Clement. The literary genre," in Cilliers Breytenbach and Laurence L. Welborn, ''Encounters with Hellenism: Studies on the First Letter of Clement,'' Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2004, p. 118. ISBN 9004125264. 〕 Neither 1 nor 2 Clement was accepted in the canonical New Testament, but they are part of the Apostolic Fathers collection.
The First Epistle does not contain Clement's name, instead being addressed by "the Church of God which sojourneth in Rome to the Church of God which sojourneth in Corinth." The traditional date for Clement's epistle, which has been elicited by the Epistle to the Hebrews's call for leadership from the church in Rome and is permeated with the earlier letter's influence,〔Edgar J. Goodspeed, "First Clement Called Forth by Hebrew" ''Journal of Biblical Literature'' 30.2 (1911:157-160).〕 is at the end of the reign of Domitian, or c. AD96, by taking the phrase "sudden and repeated misfortunes and hindrances which have befallen us" (1:1) for a reference to persecutions under Domitian. An indication of the date comes from the fact that the church at Rome is called "ancient" and that the presbyters installed by the apostles have died (44:2), and a ''second'' ecclesiastical generation has also passed on (44:3). However, some scholars hold to a wider and earlier range of dates, but limit the possibilities to the last two decades of the 1st century, and absolutely no later than AD140.〔L.L. Welborn, "The preface to 1 Clement: the rhetorical situation and the traditional date," in Breytenbach and Welborn, p.201〕
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